Narration or Direct to Indirect Speech gives us the platform to converse with each other. When we converse among the people, we express our views, emotions, feelings, ideas, thoughts. etc. with each other. If anyone wants to transfer these conversations as it is, then we call it Direct Speech. Because the speaker can not add his own words there. When the speaker adds his own words in the conversations of others and expresses it in his own words, then we call it Indirect speech.
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| Direct to indirect speech |
Narration or Direct to Indirect Speech
- How to make Direct speech into Indirect Speech?
- What are the rules of making it direct speech indirect speech?
- How to identify if the speech is direct or no?
let's take an example to understand some concepts:
1) Rahul said, "I am very careful."
2) Rahul said that he was very careful.
In the first sentence, we have given an exact speech is used by the speaker and put the sentence into inverted commas, such sentences are called Direct Speech. On the contrary, the second sentence has reported the speech indirectly, without quoting the actual words of the speaker into inverted commas, such sentences are called Indirect Speech.
What are the features of Indirect Speech?
- There are no punctuation marks except commas and full stops.
- The conjunction is used as joining two sentences.
- Tenses change as per the sentence.
- Pronouns change as per the sentence.
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| Pronoun |
What preparation we have to do before making it direct to indirect speech?
- We must know where the punctuation marks are used well.
- We have to know the whole Pronouns and it's kinds.
- We must know Tenses and Conjunctions.
- We have to know the rules for using it.
There are four types of sentences:
- statement:
- Imperative:
- Interrogative:
- Exclamatory:
we use these sentences pattern for various processes as if you want to declare or simply express or narrate, we use statement sentence as I go to market. If you want to give orders, commands, requests, we use imperative sentences As 'sit down.' And when we want to take information, we ask questions as 'what is your name' and lastly, we exclaim when we astonish by something as 'how beautiful, it is!'
It is said that we express our thoughts with the help of these sentences. So, when we narrate just as it is, it has different rules to make it into indirect speech. Some people express as it is or expresses in his own words indirectly.
Now, we are going to do direct speech to indirect speech.
We make it direct speech to indirect speech with the help of six powers as a game. We have six powers and four stages to make it into Indirect speech.
First stage: statement
Before we go on the powers, we must understand some information which is given below:
There are two clauses into direct speech, one is called reporting speech (Ring speech) and reported speech (Red speech), which is situated into inverted commas. On the contrary, the rest of the part is call reporting speech. We use short words as Ring speech and Red speech.
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| Definition Narration |
Now, the powers are:
- Tense: ring = Red:- The Tense of Red speech changes into the Tense of Ring speech, except simple past tense is changed into the past perfect tense.
- Ring's "said to," become 'told', | "Say to" – "told." when we found 'said to' into Ring speech, it is substituted by 'told' similarly 'Say to' > 'tell'. Otherwise, 'said' remains just as it is.
- Conjunction: 'that.' We must use conjunction that to remove punctuations as commas and inverted commas of the red speech.
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| Pronoun Rule 1 |
Ans:- Rahul told me that he was very careful.
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| Pronoun Rule 2 |
Ans:- Rahul told me that he gave me a pen.
Now we can make it indirect speech very easily. For example,
He said, "I am very careful."
Let's make this sentence into indirect speech:
Initiate indirect speech with Ring speech wherever it is. Generally, it is situated at the starting, middle, and ending in the sentence. As:
He said.
(here is only "said," therefore we put 'said' as it is. If there is 'said to', we substitute 'told' instead of 'said to,' similarly 'say to' to 'tell'.)
Now, put the conjunction "that" before he 'said'. As:
He said that.
(The tense of Ring speech is in the past. Therefore, the tense of Red speech becomes in the past tense which is denoted by a verb. The verb of Red speech becomes in the past.
According to the rules of 4, 5, and 6 use pronouns in the right manner as above.
Indirect Speech Ans: He said that he was very careful.
such as we can make a number of sentences into indirect speech.
While doing direct to indirect speech, we must start from Ring speech wherever it is in the sentence. We take another example,
Rahul said to me, "I give you a pen."
In this sentence, "said to" appears, therefore we use "told" instead of "said to." And the sentence become
Rahul told me
Then we add that as a joining word and removing punctuation marks as
Rahul told me that
Now, we must check pronouns in Red speech and identify the tense to make an indirect speech with the help of the above rules.
"I" is a first-person therefore it changes into the subject of Ring speech. "I" becomes "he."
And the Ring speech is in the past. Therefore, the Red speech become into the past as:
Rahul told me that he gave
"You" is a second person. Therefore, it changes into the object of Ring speech. "You" becomes"me."
Rahul told me that he gave me a pen.
In short, we can make easily direct to indirect speech with the help of the above six powers.
For more detail, visit us in next blog. . . . . .
While doing direct to indirect speech, we must start from Ring speech wherever it is in the sentence. We take another example,
Rahul said to me, "I give you a pen."
In this sentence, "said to" appears, therefore we use "told" instead of "said to." And the sentence become
Rahul told me
Then we add that as a joining word and removing punctuation marks as
Rahul told me that
Now, we must check pronouns in Red speech and identify the tense to make an indirect speech with the help of the above rules.
"I" is a first-person therefore it changes into the subject of Ring speech. "I" becomes "he."
And the Ring speech is in the past. Therefore, the Red speech become into the past as:
Rahul told me that he gave
"You" is a second person. Therefore, it changes into the object of Ring speech. "You" becomes"me."
Rahul told me that he gave me a pen.
In short, we can make easily direct to indirect speech with the help of the above six powers.
For more detail, visit us in next blog. . . . . .
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